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Sunday, January 28, 2001
8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
All 8:00 a.m. sessions are concurrent.
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Georgia World Congress Center.

Technical Session 1
Modeling for HVAC
Room: 362W
APC Liaison: Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI

Dynamic Modeling of Encapsulated Ice Tank for HVAC System Simulation (HVAC&R Research Journal July 2000) (4410)
Yan Zhang and Yingxin Zhu, Ph.D., Member, Tsinghua University, Bejing, China
This paper introduces TSTORS, an ice tank software model used for thermal storage and HVAC dynamic system simulation. It is a time dependent model for an encapsulated ice tank. Three experiments verify that the model applies to different types of encapsulated ice tanks with different diameter ice balls. The model also applies to other ice tanks with such designs as non-spherical capsules or built-in metal cores. For such tanks, parameters for the model can be obtained from data provided by the manufacturers.

Modeling and Analysis of Gas Coolers (4411)
Xiang D. Fang, Ph.D., Concordia University, Montreal, QB, Canada; Clark W. Bullard, Ph.D., Member, and Predrag S. Hrnjak, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois - Urbana ChampaIgn, Urbana, IL
The mathematical model of gas coolers is the cornerstone of gas cooler design and the system modeling of the CO2 transcritical cycle. Modeling is a powerful means to analyze the thermal performances of gas coolers. This paper proposes the mathematical model of gas coolers for calculating heat transfer and pressure drop at supercritical pressures in transitional and fully developed turbulent regimes. Based on the mathematical model, a computer simulation program in EES for gas coolers is developed, and the experimental data then verified.

Multiple Model Approach of a Residential Heat Pump for Integration in a Building Thermal Simulation Code and Comparison with Experimental Results (4412)
Francois Garde, Ph.D., Associate Member, Frank H. Lucas, Harry Boyer, Ph.D., Universite de la Reunion, La Reunion, France; Jean Brau, SC., Associate Member, INSA, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
The modeling of HVAC systems and the interaction with the building is necessary to evaluate its energy consumption. This modeling is important since these systems are designed for extreme conditions. The hourly models may become inaccurate in predicting the energy consumption. The paper deals with the usefulness of the"multiple model approach" in the modeling of air conditioning systems and the integration into a building simulation code. Three models are presented. The results show, that for low part load factors, short time step dynamic models predict energy consumption more accurately than hourly time step models.

Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems that Use a Cooling Pond as a Supplemental Heat Rejecter - A System Simulation Approach (4413)
Mahadevan Ramamoorthy, Student Member, Hui Jin, Student Member, Andrew D. Chiasson, Associate Member, and Jeffrey D. Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Cooling-dominated commercial and institutional buildings served by ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems generally reject more heat to a closed ground loop heat exchanger (GLHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. The design challenge lies in finding the optimum size of the GLHE and the supplemental heat rejecter, which directly depend upon the control strategy used to reject the excess heat. This study uses a system simulation approach to investigate various design alternatives with the aim of optimally sizing a GLHE with a cooling pond supplemental heat rejecter. This study demonstrates the usefulness of system simulation as a tool for determining the optimal design of hybrid ground source heat pump systems.

Simulation of Source Energy Utilization and Emissions for HVAC Systems (RP-991) (4414)
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
Robert Adam Gansler, Douglas T. Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., and Todd B. Jekel, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
An office building and a school building were used to investigate the source energy requirements and environmental emissions attributable to the operation of space conditioning system types were traced back to the point where fuel is extracted form the earth (I.e. the source). All electrical consumption was assumed to be generated and delivered by the last utility plant (marginal) dispatched to meet the aggregate electrical demand in two different utility service territories. The two utilities formed the basis to assess the source energy requirements and emissions associated with electrical usage in the present analysis.

Symposium AT-01-01
Room: 361W
Case Studies and Modeling for Heating Systems in Special Function Buildings and Residences with Special Emphasis on Radiant Panel Systems
Sponsor: TC 6.4 In Space Convection Heating
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Company, Tulsa, OK
Chair: Birol I. Kilkis, Ph.D., Member, Watts Heatway Inc., Springfield, MO
Recent provisions for a totally controlled indoor environment in residences as well as buildings with special functions often call for conflicting parameters, which can not be easily resolved by a single HVAC system. An optimum split between radiant and convective systems however requires a complete and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and contamination parameters on a case by case basis. This symposium focuses on special issues related to numerical modeling tools and descriptive case studies with special emphasis on radiant panels and hybrid HVAC systems.

1. Heating of Church Buildings of Historic Importance with Direct Gas-Fired Heating Systems
Weizhong Xiang, Savvas Tassou, Ph.D., Member, Maria Kolokotroni, Ph.D., Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK

2. Impact of Dual Utility Selection on 305m2 (1,000 ft2) Residences
Richard D. Watson, Member, SSHC, Inc., Old Saybrook, CT; Kirby S. Chapman, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; Linda Wiggington, Wiggington Assoc., Waynesboro, PA

3. An Analysis of Combined CFD and Multizone IAQ Model Assembly Issues
Amy Musser, Ph.D., Member, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE

4. Radiant Panel Surface Temperature Over a Wide Range of Ambient Temperature
Kirby S. Chapman, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; Jamie E. Howell, Student Member, National Gas Machinery Laboratory, Manhattan, KS; Richard D. Watson, Member, Old Saybrook, CT

5. Hybrid Heating and Ventilating Large Industrial Halls Connected to District Energy System
Dusan Petras, Ph.D., Membe, Miroslav Kotrbaty, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia

Symposium AT-01-02
Room: 365/366W
Central Energy Plant kW per ton and Demand Controls
Sponsor: TC 9.1 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
Chair: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., Member, HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
Efficient operation of the equipment and systems within the central energy plant has a great impact on utility cost of service provided to the plant's end users, peak demands to utility providers, and global environmental impact. Instrumentation requirements will address the overall efficiencies of the chilled water production in a central energy plant.

1. The Measurement of Energy Consumption in kW per Ton for Central Chilled Water Plants
James (Burt) Rishel, P.E., Fellow, Life Member, Systecon Inc., West Chester, OH

2. Measurement Considerations for the Determination of Central Plant Efficiency
Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, Todd Snouffer, P.E., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

3. Instrumentation Issues for Monitoring Chiller Plant Efficiency
Thomas B. Hartman, P.E., Member, The Hartman Company, Marysville, WA

Symposium AT-01-03
Room: 367W
Innovative Materials and Building Envelope Systems
Sponsor: TC 4.4 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance
APC Liaison: Branislav Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia Chair: Achilles Karagiozis, Associate Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Innovative materials and building envelope systems that allow increased thermal and moisture performance recently have been introduced into the market place. This symposium shows cases of new approaches and improved designs for building systems.

1. Performance of Innovative Vapor Retarders Under Summer Conditions
Hartwig Kuenzel, Member, Fraunhofer Institute in Building Physics, Holzkirchen, Germany; Hans-Peter Leimer, BBS Ingenieurbuero, Wolfenbuttel, Germany

2. Advances in Residential Wall Technologies - Simple Ways of Decreasing the Whole Building Energy Consumption
Jan Kosny, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

3. Development of a Textured Spun-Bonded Polyolefin Weather Resistive Barrier for Stucco and EIFS
Jim Waggoner, Michel Stachnik, Theresa Weston, Ph.D., P.E., Member, DuPont, Richmond, VA

4. Indoor Air Quality and Hygroscopically Active Materials
John Paul deGraauw, Hamilton, ON, Canada; John Straube, Ph.D., P.E., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Seminar 1
Room: 363W
Low Energy Cooling Case Studies
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
APC Liaison: Ronald L. Shelton, P.E., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Chair: Philip Haves, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
There are a number of low energy cooling strategies that can be used in suitable climates. These strategies may involve alternatives to compressor-based cooling and/or more effective methods of cooling occupied spaces. The seminar consists of case studies of commercial buildings with low energy cooling features - evaporative cooling, desiccant cooling, chilled beams, chilled ceilings and displacement ventilation. A simplified assessment tool that aids in the identification of candidate low energy cooling technologies for different climates and building types is described. The use of physical scale models in the design of naturally ventilated buildings is described.

1. Simplified Design Tools for Low-Energy Cooling
Joe Huang, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

2. An Evaporatively Cooled Office Building in Utah
Thomas D. Colvin, P.E., Member, Colvin Engineering Associates, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT

3. Ventilated Cooled Beam System with Free Cooling for Renovation in a Finnish Commercial Building
Tuomas Laine, Olof Granlund Oy, Helsinki, Finland

4. Aquifer and Desiccant Cooling - Two Examples of Low Energy Cooling Used in Swedish Office Buildings
Johnny Andersson, P.E., Member, Scandiaconsult Sweden AB, SE-102 65 Stockholm, Sweden

5. Salt-Bath Modeling of Natural Ventilation: An Aid to Design
Paul Linden, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA

Seminar 2
Room: 360W
Mandating CO Alarms: Is it in the Public's Interest?
Sponsor: TC 6.10 Fuels and Combustion
APC Liaison: Wayne Frazell, P.E., TXU Energy Services, Dallas, TX
Chair: Neil P. Leslie, P.E., Member, Energy International, Inc., Park Ridge, IL
Products of combustion from fossil fuel-fired residential appliances include carbon monoxide (CO), a poisonous gas. If these combustion products enter the living space, the potential exists for dangerous levels of CO to accumulate. CO alarms have been promoted as a way to warn occupants when dangerous levels of CO are detected. The history of CO exposure and incidents is provided, along with information on field experience with CO alarms. The technical and societal efficacy of CO alarms is discussed.

1. Enhanced Consumer Safety Using CO Alarms
Thomas H. Greiner, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

2. CO Alarm Reliability: Field Experience, Laboratory Testing and Certification Standards Initiatives
Paul K. Clifford, P.E., Mosaic Industries, Inc., Newark, CA

3. Efficacy of Mandating CO Alarms as a Public Health Policy
Irwin H. Billick, Ph.D., WEC Consulting, Potomac, MD

4. CO Alarms and ASHRAE Standards
Max H. Sherman, Ph.D., Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

Seminar 3
Room: 364W
Tribological Considerations in Compressor Designs
Sponsor: TC 3.4 Lubrication; TC 8.1 Positive Displacement Compressors
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Ownes Services Corporation, Bloomington, MN
Chair: Curt Slayton, P.E., Member, Consulting Services International, LLC, Louisville,KY
Worldwide warranty policies for compressors applied to air conditioning and refrigeration products require highly reliable designs and manufacturing processes. The friction, lubrication and wear considerations of compressor designs, while broadly similar, also have unique characteristics depending upon compressor type and application parameters. Presentations address not only general tribological considerations, but also unique characteristics of specific compressor types.

1. Fundamentals of Lubricant Selection for Compressors Using Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants
Ted Li, Ph.D., Member, CPI Engineering Services, Inc., Midland, MI

2. Design of Experiments in Tribology - Comparison of Bench Tests to Compressor Tests
Ganesan (Sonny) Sundaresan, P.E., Fellow, Copeland Corporation, Sidney, OH

3. Lubrication Considerations of PVE for HFC Refrigerants
Shoichi Tominaga, Member, Edemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan

4. Tribological Approach on the Design of Refrigeration Lubes
Mutoshi Sunami, Nippon-Mitsubishi Oil Corp., Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

5. Evaluation of Refrigeration Lubricant for R-22
Susumu Hiodoshi, Daikin Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan

Forum 1
Room: 368W
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Are We Robbing"Peter Transformer" to Pay"Paul Motor"?
Sponsor: TC 1.9 Electrical Systems
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates, Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Moderator: Robert Helt, Member, The Trane Company, Tyler, TX
Are efficiency improvements of motors being"eaten up" by additional transformer losses? What are the proper transformer and distribution sizings? Do we need to re-think how we size transformers and electrical distribution systems?

Forum 2
Room: 369W
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Making Molehills Out of Mountains: Discussion on the Impacts of Mini-Environments and Isolators on Cleanroom Design
Sponsor: TC 9.11 Clean Spaces
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Moderator: Larry Hughes, P.E., Member, Alpha Engineering, Newark, DE
Micro environments and isolators have become a more regular feature of the cleanroom design landscape. However, their interaction with traditional building HVAC systems is still murky. This forum attempts to draw out, via group discussion, some of the issues and answers found in the design of facilities using micro-environments and isolators.

Forum 3
Room: 368W
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Gaseous Contaminants and Removal Equipment - Improving IAQ in Buildings
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates, Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Moderator: Brian Krafthefer, P.E., Member, Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, MN
Improving IAQ in buildings is associated with an initial cost of equipment upgrade or purchase. To a lesser degree costs of maintenance are also included. A complete cost assessment for IAQ is rarely done. How can information be developed and provided to building supervisors/designers on the"complete" costs for a system to provide"acceptable" IAQ? What information should be included? Can IAQ even be provided in a cost-saving manner? This forum addresses these questions and provides direction toward quantifying the cost in"cost-effective IAQ."

Forum 4
Room: 369W
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
What You Always Wanted to Know About ASHRAE Research - But Didn't Know Who to Ask
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Moderator: Harvey Brickman, P.E., Fellow, Tishman Realty & Construction Company, New York, NY
This forum acquaints ASHRAE members with the scope of ASHRAE research. The procedures for submitting research work statements as well as how to submit a proposal to do ASHRAE research are addressed.

Sunday, January 28, 2001
10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
All 10:15 a.m. sessions are concurrent.
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Georgia World Congress Center.

Symposium AT-01-04
Room: 364W
Absorption/Sorption Heat Pumps and Refrigeration Systems
Sponsor: TC 8.3 Absorption and Heat Operated Machines
APC Liaison: Michael Hart, P.E., EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
Chair: Srinivas Garimella, Ph.D., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Absorption heat pumps are viewed as energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives to CFC-based systems. These heat operated systems are attracting renewed attention due to the phaseout of CFCs and HCFCs. This symposium addresses the detailed simulation of the processes within absorption systems, the characterization of the overall cycle design, and important thermophysical properties of the working fluids in the presence of process-enhancing additives.

1. Numerical Study of Absorption in a Laminar Falling Film of Ammonia-Water
Khaled Gommed, Member, Gershon Grossman, Member, and Michael S. Koenig, Student Member, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel

2. Surface Tension of Aqueous Lithium Bromide with Controlled Vapor Concentration of Z-Ethyl-Hexanol
Z. Yuan, Student Member, and Keith E. Herold, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

3. Effective-Lift Characterization of GAX Cycles
G. Anand, Ph.D., Associate Member, and D.C. Erickson, Member, Energy Concepts Company, Annapolis, MD

Symposium AT-01-05
Room: 363W
Analysis Tools for the Design of Low Energy Cooling Systems
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
APC Liaison: Ronald L. Shelton, P.E., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Chair: Richard Karney, P.E., Member, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
Low-energy cooling systems are an energy-saving alternative to compressor-based cooling, but their performance is highly dependent on ambient climate conditions, building loads, and operational strategies to shift the cooling loads to hours when such cooling is available. This symposium presents a three-year project that developed a variety of analysis tools and calculation techniques for the design of evaporative cooling, desiccant cooling, night cooling, and other low-energy cooling systems.

1. Night Ventilation Cooling of Office Buildings: Parametric Analyses of Conceptual Energy Impacts
Maria Kolokotroni, Ph.D., Member, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK

2. Desiccant Cooling for Swedish Office Buildings
Johnny V. Andersson, Scandiaconsult Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Torbjorn Lindholm, Ph.D., Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden

3. Pre-design and Design Tools for Evaporative Cooling
Pascal Stabat, D. Marchio, Ph.D., M. Orphelin, Ph.D., Ecole des Mines de Paris, Paris, France

4. Guidance and Tools for Night and Evaporative Cooling in Office Buildings
Jean-Robert Millet, P.E., Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB), Cedex, France

Symposium AT-01-06
Room: 362W
TES Systems Aging Gracefully
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Chair: Thomas Kroeschell, P.E., Life Member, Thomas Kroeschell, P.E., Northbrook, IL
Thermal energy storage systems have been operating successfully for at least 50 years. The systems had their start in churches and the dairy industry. In these cases, the objective was to provide cooling for a short period of time - Sunday service for churches and when fresh mild was delivered for the dairy industry. The advantages included a small refrigeration machine, relatively low electric demand charges and minimal requirements imposed on the capacity of the electric distribution system. The result was increased attendance at church and improvement in the quality of milk.

1. University Hospital Chilled Water Thermal Storage - Still Meeting the Challenges
Gordon Holness, P.E., Fellow, Albert Kahn Associates, Inc., Detroit, MI

2. A Long-Term Experience With an External-Melt Ice on Coil Storage Cooling System
Chang W. Sohn, Ph.D., P.E., Member, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Champaign, IL; Jack Nixon, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ

3. Reedsburg Technical College Ice Maker Heat Pump
Charles E. Dorgan, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI

Seminar 4
Room: 360W
How Second Law Analysis Can Save You Money
Sponsor: TC 1.1 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE Chair: Robert Tozer, Ph.D., Member, Waterman Core/South Bank University, London, England, UK
The seminar reviews the concept of irreversibility, entropy generation or exergy destruction applied to HVAC systems. Thermo-economics is addressed to deal with costs, their allocation within a system and life cycle cost optimization.

1. Entropy Generation Minimization: The Method and Its Applications
Adrian Bejan, Ph.D., Member, Duke University, Durham, NC

2. Second Law Based Performance Evaluation Criteria for Evaporators
Tony Jacobi, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

3. Thermoeconomics for Heating and Refrigeration
George Tsatsaronis, Ph.D., Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

4. Opportunities of Higher Efficiency and Lower Cost for HVAC Systems
Yehia El-Sayed, Ph.D., Member, Advanced Energy System Analysis, Fremont, CA

5. Use of Thermoeconomics in the Integrated Synthesis/Design Optimization of Highly Dynamic, Highly Complex Energy Conversion Systems
Michael R. von Spakovsky, Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA

Seminar 5
Room: 367W
Refrigeration System Design, Applications and Retrofits
Sponsor: TC 10.1 Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems; TC 10.9 Refrigeration Application for Foods and Beverages
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates, Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Chair: Brian Webb, Member, Envirothermics, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
The seminar introduces some of the typical applications in the industrial refrigeration industry. Presentations involve discussions on the local Philips Arena, a review of a typical ammonia retrofit to the implementation of a conceptual air cycle.

1. Process Freezing Technology
Devon Barnes, Member, Frigioscania, Northfield, MN

2. Closed Cycle Air Refrigeration
James J. Shepherd, Member, Toromont Process Systems, North Salt Lake City, UT

3. The New Arena - Chillin' HOTlanta
Michael P. Day, P.E., Member, M-E Engineers, Inc., Wheat Ridge, CO

4. Design Considerations for a Low Charge Central Ammonia Refrigeration System Retrofit
Michael Browning, Artic Refrigeration, Inc., Baltimore, MD

Room: 365/366W
Self-Powered Heating Systems: Saving Electricity and Improving Reliability
Sponsor: TC 6.1 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems; TC 6.10 Fuels and Combustion
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
Chair: Ray Albrecht, P.E., Member, NYSERDA, Albany, NY
Gas and oil-fired heating appliances that use very low power levels for burners and circulating pumps/blowers can achieve substantial electricity savings and enable battery-backup operation during utility power outages. Heating appliances that also generate electricity as a byproduct could offer further opportunities for reduced utility power consumption. Several technologies are being developed toward the goal of low power and self-powered gas and oil-fired heating in residential and small commercial buildings. Recent accomplishments of several research efforts are presented.

1. Perspectives on the Evolution of Self-Powered Appliances
Steve Rakvica, Associate Member, Dunkirk Boilers/ECR International Inc., Dunkirk, NY

2. Oil-Fired, Hydronic Heating Appliances with Reduced Electric Power Consumption and Battery Backup
Thomas A. Butcher, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY

3. Liquid-Injected Cogeneration: Practical Heat and Power Generation for the Home
David L. Brownell, P.E., Yankee Scientific, Inc., Medfield, MA

4. A Self-Powered Warm Air Furnace Based on Thermophotovoltaics
Thomas Butcher, Member, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY

Seminar 7
Room: 361W
Taming the Screw: Noise and Vibration of Screw Chillers
Sponsor: TC 2.6 Sound and Vibration Control
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Company, Tulsa, OK
Moderator: Karl L. Peterman, P.E., Member, Newcomb & Boyd, Atlanta, GA
Screw chillers, relatively new on the HVAC system design scene, have gotten a reputation of causing noise problems. The seminar describes the noise sources of screw chillers, addresses noise measurement standards and provide case studies of noise and vibration studies.

1. Screw Chiller Noise Sources and Abatement Methods
Patrick Marks, Member, Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, NY

2. Screw Chiller Noise Measurement
Bill Rockwood, Member, The Trane Company, LaCrosse, WI

3. Case Histories of Screw Chiller Noise
John Paulauskis, Member, HBE Corporation, St. Louis, MO

4. Vibration Isolation of Screw Chillers
Jerry G. Lilly, P.E., Member, JGL Acoustics, Inc., Issaquah, WA

Forum 5
Room: 369W
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Is Standard 90.2 Relevant?
Sponsor: Standing Standards Project Committee 90.2
APC Liaison: Wayne Frazell, P.E., TXU Energy Services, Dallas, TX
Moderator: Harold Crowder, Member, R.A., Dominion - Virginia Power, Glen Allen, VA
In light of the recognition of the IECC and IRC, SSPC 90.2 is soliciting input on the strengths and weaknesses of this standard for Energy-Efficient Design of New Low-Rise Residential Buildings and how to gain greater support and use of this standard.

Forum 6
Room: 368W
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Test and Balance and Design Integrity: Does Removing Specified Testing Compromise the Engineer's Seal on the Project?
Sponsor: TC 9.7 Testing and Balancing
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Owens Services Corporation, Bloomington, MN
Chair: Gerald J. Kettler, P.E., Member, AIR Engineering and Testing, Dallas, TX
The design of most HVAC systems includes the testing, adjusting and balancing of the systems to assure proper operation. This testing function is sometimes removed from the project due to cost reductions or is ignored. Does the removal of this validation and adjustment process affect the engineering seal and engineer's responsibility on the project?

Forum 7
Room: 368W
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Do You Know How New ISO Test Standards Will Affect Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Ratings?
Sponsor: TC 7.6 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Owens Services Corporation, Bloomington, MN
Moderator: Brian Dougherty, Associate Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Two ISO standards that cover a wide range of air conditioners and heat units were recently revised and are out for public review. These ISO Standards, 5151R and 13253R, specify the tests for evaluating steady-state capacity and efficiency ratings plus list pass-fail performance tests. The standards specify test apparatus and test conditions and testing procedures. With the expectation that many countries will eventually adopt these ISO standards, are ASHRAE members fully aware of their content? Are there parts of these standards on which ASHRAE members wish to comment?

Forum 8
Room: 369W
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Standard Update of 41.3 Pressure Measurements
Sponsor: TC 1.2 Instruments and Measurements
APC Liaison: Wayne Frazell, P.E., TXU Energy Services, Dallas, TX
Moderator: Frank Spevak, Associate Member, The Energy Conservatory, Minneapolis, MN
Standard 41.3, Pressure Measurements, is due for review. Technology for measuring pressure has changed over the last two decades. This forum raises issues that need to be addressed in updating the standard.

Sunday, January 28, 2001
1:00 PM - 3:00 PM
All 1:00 p.m. sessions are concurrent.
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Georgia World Congress Center.

Symposium AT-01-07
Room: 365/366W
Integration of Dedicated Outside Air De-Humidification Systems and Terminal Sensible Cooling/Heating
Sponsor: TC 4.12 Integrated Building Design
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates, Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Chair: Richard A. Danks, P.E., Member, NASA Glen Research Center, Cleveland, OH
This symposium integrates dedicated outdoor air systems with parallel terminal systems. This symposium reviews the migration path that has led to separate dedicated outside air ventilation systems. Ventilation air systems with dew point temperature low enough to remove all of the space latent loads, thus decoupling the space sensible and latent cooling loads, are explored. As a result, the sensible cooling only parallel terminal equipment operates with dry surfaces, reducing the potential for microbial problems in the spaces. Finally, functional integration of the uninsulated sprinkler piping and the energy transport conduit is explored.

1. Overview of Integrating Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems with Parallel Terminal Systems
Stanley A. Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

2. Achieving Dry Outside Air in an Energy Efficient Manner
Stanley A. Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and Kurt Shank, Student Member, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

3. Selecting the Supply Air Conditions for a Dedicated Outdoor Air System Working in Parallel with Distributed Sensible Cooling Terminal Equipment
Kurt M. Shank, Student Member, and Stanley A. Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

4. Integration of Hydronic Thermal Transport Systems with Fire Suppression Systems
Walter Janus, P.E., Member, URS Corporation, Washington, DC

5. Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panels as a Viable Distributed Parallel Sensible Cooling Technology Integrated with Dedicated Outdoor-Air Systems
Christopher L. Conroy, L.D. Astorino Companies, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanley Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

Symposium AT-01-08
Room: 362W
Pumping Design and Performance Modeling of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Sponsor: TC 6.8 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: Michaela A. Martin, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
This symposium presents a collection of papers on pumping design and performance modeling of vertical bore and open loop geothermal heat pump systems.

1. Energy Use of Pumping Options for Ground Source Heat Pumps
Steve Kavanaugh, Ph.D., Member, and Sally A. McInerny, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL

2. Dual Set Point Control of Open Loop Heat Pump Systems
Kevin Rafferty, P.E., Associate Member, Geo Heat Center, Klamath Falls, OR

3. Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System Simulation
Michel A. Bernier, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

4. Field Validation of a Short Time Step Model for Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers
Cenk Yavuzturk, Ph.D., Member, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY; Jeffery D. Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Symposium AT-01-09
Room: 360W
Thermoeconomics and Second-Law Analysis of HVAC&R Systems
Sponsor: TC 1.1 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics
APC Liaison: Ronald L. Shelton, P.E., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Chair: Anthony M. Jacobi, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
This symposium provides basic and applied papers on a range of systems, with a unifying theme of second-law evaluation and applied thermoeconomics. The first paper provides a thermoeconomic analysis of absorption systems for cooling. The second paper gives a thermoeconomic analysis of air-conditioning systems; it is closely related to the third paper, which provides a fundamental study of the second-law evaluation of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The fourth paper describes a thermoeconomic study of absorption heat transformers.

1. Thermoeconomic Analysis of Absorption Systems for Cooling
Shun-Fu Lee, Ph.D., Associate Member, and S.A. Sherif, Ph.D., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

2. Thermoeconomics Applied to Air Conditioning Systems
Miguel Angel Ferrer, Hewlett Packard, San Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain; Miguel Angel Lozano Serrano, Ph.D., P.E., Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Robert Tozer, Ph.D., Member, Waterman Gore/South Bank University, London, England

3. Second-Law Analysis of Refrigerators and Air Conditioners
Brian Bridges, Cummins Engine Company, Columbus, IN; Perek Harshbarger, Student Member, and Clark Bullard, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

4. Thermoeconomic Analysis of Absorption Heat Transformers
Shun-Fu Lee, Ph.D., Associate Member, and S.A. Sherif, Ph.D., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

5. Second Law Analysis of Various Double-Effect Lithium Bromide/Water Absorption Chillers
Shun-Fu Lee, Ph.D., Associate Member, and S.A. Sherif, Ph.D., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Seminar 8
Room: 367W
First Time at an ASHRAE Meeting? This Seminar's for You!
APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
Chair: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Owens Services Corp., Bloomington, MN
This seminar introduces new meeting attndees to the events of a Society meeting: how to get involved in a technical committee, what is the difference between a symposium and seminar, and how to become part of the meeting program. The role of ASHRAE staff in a meeting and the events that surround the meeting are explained. And if you're not having fun yet, the technical tours, student involvement, guest and "special" events (how to have fun at ASHRAE) are discussed.

1. Membership - Benefits to You, Benefits to Your Company
John Bisset, P.Eng., Member, Chorley & Bissett, London, ON, Canada

2. Standing Committees - What They Do, How Members are Appointed
Tim McGinn, P.Eng., Member, Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada

3. Technical Committees, Technical Programs, Committee Meetings, and the Role of ASHRAE Staff at a Society Meeting
Wayne Frazell, P.E., Member, TXU Energy Services, Dallas, TX

4. The Fun Side of ASHRAE Meetings
Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Member, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO

Seminar 9
Room: 363W
Industrial Air Conditioning: Lessons Learned
Sponsor: TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Matt R. Hargan, P.E., Fellow, Hargan Engineering, Louisville, KY
This seminar discusses several problems arising in power plant ventilation and air conditioning and possible solutions. The presentations cover personnel safety issues, infiltration and exfiltration of unfiltered air, chemical corrosion in heat exchangers, emission and temperature limits, measurements and the associated codes and standards.

1. Chemical Corrosion (Boric Acid)
D. Milton Huff, P.E., Energy Operations, Russellville, AK

2. Control Room Tracer Gas Testing
James A. Carlson, P.E., Associate Member, Omaha Public Power District, Fort Calhoun, NE

3. Cascade Ventilation for High Level Waste Vitrification Plant
Ravi Ganta, P.E., Member, Bechtel, Richland, WA

4. Control Room Envelope Habitability
Dennis Adams, Member, Commonwealth Edison, Cordova, IL

Seminar 10
Room: 364W
Infectious Control Through Varying Eyes
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
APC Liaison: Branislav Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
Chair: Carl Lawson, Member, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
With an increase of infection in hospitals, there is more concern than ever in controlling infectious disease and maintaining ventilation to help control the spread. With patients now undergoing more complex procedures, such as bone marrow transplants and radiation treatments, controlling the spread of infectious disease has become a major task. This seminar looks at some guidelines and techniques in controlling infectious disease.

1.Infection Control from a PICU/NICU Perspective
Michael Alton, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

2. Ventilation Management for a Protective Environment
Andrew Streifel, P.E., Member, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

3. Infection Control from the CDC Perspective
Lynne M. Sehulster, Ph.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

4. Infection Control from a Patient's Perspective
Dana Swenson, P.E., Member, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Seminar 11
Room: 361W
Refrigerated Warehouse Dock Dehumidification Techniques
Sponsor: TC 10.5 Refrigerated Distribution and Storage Facilities; TC 10.8 Refrigeration Load Calculations
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
Chair: Daniel Dettmers, Associate Member, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Proper dehumidification of refrigerated warehouse docks prevents moisture from entering the freezer space. Capturing this latent load in the dock reduces the demand on the freezer's refrigeration system and prevents frost buildup on surfaces in the freezer. In the worst cases, frost buildup on surfaces in freezers can lead to concerns of sanitation, safety and productivity. Speakers present methods for designing systems that will remove the moisture from the loading dock air before it reaches the freezer.

1. Dehumidification Approaches for Cold Storage Loading Docks
Brian Simkins, Associate Member, Munters Corporation, Greenlawn, NY

2. Use of Liquid Desiccant ("No Frost""KV") in Dock/Freezer Applications
Ajay Chatlani, Member, Niagara Blower Company, Buffalo, NY

3. Conventional Engineering
George R. Smith, P.E., Life Member, HCR, Inc., Lewston, MT

4. Comparison of Dehumidification Alternatives in Cold Storage Warehouse Docks
Todd Jekel, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

Forum 9
Room: 368W
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Can the Use of Chemically Treated Steam for Humidification Be Compatible with Good Indoor Air Quality?
Sponsor: TC 3.6 Water Treatment
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
Moderator: Howard Benisvy, Member, Nalco Chemical Company, Westbrook, CT
This forum looks at the impact of chemically treated steam used in humidification. Is it possible for chemically treated steam to be compatible with good indoor air quality? What alternatives exist and what is the downside of not treating?

Forum 10
Room: 369W
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Why or Why Not?
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
Moderator: Hoy Bohanon, P.E., Member, RJ Reynolds, Winston-Salem, NC
With ventilation requirements being mandatory in most new buildings there are ample opportunities for energy recovery. Although some engineers make frequent use of energy recovery technology, many others do not. This forum explores the rationale for using or not using energy recovery ventilation.

Forum 11
Room: 369W
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
What Are the Requirements and Benefits of a Dynamically Controlled Building?
Sponsor: TC 4.6 Building Operation Dynamics
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI
Moderator: Clifford Federspiel, Associate Member, University of California, Berkeley, CA
It is well-understood that indoor temperature settings have an impact on energy use and energy cost. Recent research has shown that it is possible to significantly reduce energy costs by dynamically (e.g., hourly) changing indoor temperatures when time-of-use or real-time price rates exist. However, other research efforts suggest that changing indoor temperatures should increase complaints from building occupants, which would increase maintenance cost. This forum asks how facility managers manage indoor temperatures, and how those efforts impact energy and O&M costs. We also ask how DDC control applications developed by consultants and control manufacturers change indoor temperatures in order to reduce operating cost.

Forum 12
Room: 368W
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
Why Dehumidify?
Sponsor: TC 7.5 Mechanical Dehumidification Equipment and Heat Pipes
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
Moderator: Jay Cooper, Member, Cooper Equipment, Gainsville, FL
This forum focuses on gaining information and opinions on the effect of humidity regarding indoor comfort. It discusses different approaches to handling humidity within the environment and the treating of ventilated air and also seeks opinions regarding the proper method of calculating those moisture requirements.

Monday, January 29, 2001
8:00 AM - 10:00 AM
All 8:00 a.m. sessions are concurrent.
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Georgia World Congress Center.

Technical Session 2
Thermal Comfort Considerations
Room: 362W
APC Liaison: Ira G. Poston, Duke Power Company, Greensboro, NC

Assessment of Thermal Comfort During Surgical Operations (4415)
Rodrigo Mora, Student Member, M.Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; M.J.M. English, F.R.C.A, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andreas K. Athienitis, Ph.D., P.E., Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada
This paper studies the thermal environment in two operating rooms. Thermal comfort of the staff was assessed based on measurements of the environment during surgical operations and on questionnaires. Infrared pictures of representative surfaces and people were taken, and, when possible, skin and core temperatures of patients were measured. The thermal resistance of clothing and the activity levels for all were estimated. It was found that it is not possible to provide all groups with an acceptable thermal environment. Possible solutions to minimize radiation and its effects on the surgeons are discussed.

Predicting the Frequency of Hot and Cold Complaints in Buildings (HVAC&R Research Journal October 2000) (4416)
Clifford Federspiel, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of California, Berkeley, CA
When building occupants become hot or cold and exhaust all coping behaviors available to alleviate discomfort, they often complain to the facility manager. This paper focuses on predicting the frequency of complaints so that control policies and decisions that affect both energy use and comfort-related service calls can be formulated. A mathematical model of the mean frequency of hot and cold complaint events in buildings is developed that is based on the level-crossing theory of stochastic processes.

Temperature Efficiency of Rooms With Displacement Ventilation (4417)
Hong-Zuo Zhao and Lei Zhao, Xian University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, P.R. China
Temperature efficiency is a generally recognized index for estimating ventilation effectiveness, but there is no way of determining its value except test. In this paper, based on analysis of typical temperature patterns of an upward ventilated room with different heat source conditions, the temperature efficiency is proven to closely correlate with the thermal stratification height Z, the room radiation transfer factor R, the room volume V as well as the ratio of source to floor area f/F. The mathematical representation of temperature efficiency for a ventilated room with a plate heat source is obtained.

Prediction of Skin and Clothing Temperatures Under Thermal Transient Considering Moisture Accumulation in Clothing (4418)
Tetsuya Umeno, Sekisui House, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan; Shuichi Hokoi, Member, Satoru Takada, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
Laboratory experiments were to clarify the physiological response of the human body under a transient situation, where a clothed person wet with sweat enters an air-conditioned room. An analytical model is proposed that simulates the physiological thermal-regulating process based on the revised 2 node-model, combined with the moisture balance equation for the clothing. With this model, which takes into account the heat and moisture capacity of the clothing, the heat and moisture transfer around the human body is investigated during sweating and evaporation process.

Vote Method of Deciding Supply-Air Temperature Setpoint for VAV Air-Conditioning System (4419)
Xiangyang Chen, Ph.D., Kazuyuki Kamimura, Member, Yamatake Building Systems Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
This paper introduces the"vote method" used to decide the supply-air temperature setpoint of variable-air-volume (VAV) system of air conditioning. Conventional VAV control resets the supply-air temperature setpoint by a set of constant variation-rations. These systems have problems, including how to decide the initial value of the supply-air temperature and lower supply-air temperature are simultaneously offered; and how to link supply-air temperature control with supply-air volume control. The vote method uses control logic to either minimize the system deviation of room air-temperature control or minimize supply-air volume according to its control objective. The vote method may also link supply-air temperature control with other control strategies.

Symposium AT-01-10
Room: 360W
Characterizing the Performance of Non-Simple Fenestrations: Special Problems in Shaded and Projecting Products
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
Chair: Joseph H. Klems, Ph.D., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
The"simple" picture of a fenestration is one or more glass layers contained in a frame, all lying in the plane of a wall or roof. The parameters characterizing performance, U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient are defined in terms of simple fenestrations. When "non-simple" products depart from this picture, either by containing non-integral shading or by projecting out of the plane, it creates special problems in modeling or measuring performance. This symposium discusses some of those problems.

1. The Effects of Calorimeter Tilt on the Inward-Flowing Fraction of Absorbed Solar Radiation in a Venetian Blind
Michael R. Collins, Student Member, and Stephen J. Harrison, Ph.D., Member, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada

2. Effect of Tilt Angle and Temperature Difference on the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Measurement of a Fenestration System
Tseng (Thomas) Ching-Chia, and D. Yogi Goswami, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

3. Test of Measured Solar Heat Gain Variation in a Fenestration and Shade Combination with Respect to Test Specimen Tilt
Michael R. Collins, Student Member, and Stephen J. Harrison, Ph.D., Member, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada

4. A Simplified Analysis of Radiant Heat Loss through Projecting Fenestration Products
John L. Wright, Ph.D., Member, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Symposium AT-01-11
Room: 367W
Smoke Management Research and Case Studies of Large Spaces
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke; TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities
APC Liaison: John Bisset, P.Eng., Chorley & Bisset, London, ON, Canada
Chair: William A. Webb, P.E., Member, Performance Technology Consulting, Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL
A discussion of smoke management design factors is presented based on research using scale models, full scale tests, CFD modeling and a case study of a non-sprinklered, naturally vented space. The effect of sprinklers on smoke flow into a large communicating space is analyzed in one paper, based on large scale testing. The case study presents an example of a performance analysis of an atrium using natural ventilation to achieve the smoke management life safety objectives.

1. CFD Simulation in Atrium Smoke Management System Design
Raymond Sinclair, Ph.D., Member, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada

2. The Smoke Hazard from a Fire in High Spaces (RP-899)
Gary D. Lougheed, Ph.D., Member, George V. Hadjisophocleous, Ph.D., P.E., Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

3. Sprinklered Mercantile Fires (RP-976)
Gary D. Lougheed, Ph.D., Cameron McCartney, Bruce C. Taber, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

4. Case Study of a Fire Engineering Approach to a Large Unsprinklered Naturally Ventilated Atrium Building
Frank Mills, Member, Frank Mills Associates, Leyland, Lancs, UK

Seminar 12
Room: 365/366W
Application of Variable Speed Drive to Centrifugal Chillers
Sponsor: TC 8.2 Centrifugal Machines
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Owens Services Corporation, Bloomington, MN
Chair: William E. Dietrich, Member, York International, York, PA
The seminar focuses on the concept of applying variable speed technology to centrifugal compressors; practical considerations for applying variable drives to centrifugal chillers, when does it make sense; and the owner's perspective on variable speed drive from the decision process to owning and operating experience.

1. Application of Variable Speed Drive to Centrifugal Compressors
Fred Berry, York International, York, PA

2. Practical Considerations of Applying Variable Speed Drive to Centrifugal Chillers
Richard D. Erat, Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, NY

3. Owner's Perspective on VSD Chillers, Selection and Operation
Frank DiCola, P.E., Member, Conectiv, Atlantic City, NJ

Seminar 13
Room: 361W
Commissioning of Laboratories
Sponsor: TC 9.9 Building Commissioning; TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Chair: Carl Lawson, Member, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
With the complexity of laboratories today, it is imperative that commissioning be part of the process of completing and turning over facilities to owners. This seminar looks at different types of laboratories and how the commissioning process allows owners to have functioning systems that maintain energy and remain within budget.

1. Lessons Learned from Commissioning a College Chemistry Lab Renovation
Rodney H. Lewis, P.E., Fellow, Rodney H. Lewis & Associates, Houston, TX

2. Commissioning Ventilation Systems in Rodent Holding Rooms
Daniel Frasier, Member, Phoenix Controls, Newton, MA

3. Laboratory Ventilation Standards and the Commissioning Process
Gregory F. DeLuga, P.E., Member, Siemens Building Technology, Buffalo Grove, IL

4. Commissioning of a Pediatric Medical Research Laboratory Facility
Robert L. Cox, P.E., Member, Avanti Technologies, St. Louis, MO

Seminar 14
Room: 364W
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Visualization of HVAC and Refrigeration Processes
Sponsor: TC 1.3 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; TC 8.4 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment, TC 8.5 Liquid-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
Chair: Jon Hartfield, Ph.D., Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI
Co-Chair: Michael Ohadi, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD
Visualization of fluid flow and heat transfer is an important tool in developing a better understanding of the basic underlying mechanisms and the physics involved in complex multi-phase flow processes. This seminar includes four presentations on various aspects of the multi-phase flow characteristics involved in the refrigeration and HVAC processes. The authors explain the various observations and the phenomenon behind the mechanisms involved.

1. Visualization of Two-Phase Refrigerant Flow in Circular and Non-Circular Tubes
S. Garimella, Ph.D., Iowa State University, Ames, IA

2. Two-Phase Flow Patterns and Map for Evaporation in Horizontal Tubes
J.R. Thome, LTCM/DGM, Lausanne, Switzerland

3. Enhancement of Boiling Condensation with an Applied Electric Field
F. Franca, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Maryland, College Park, College Station, MD

4. Two-Phase Flow Visualization in Mesoscale Heat Exchangers: Influence of Header Designs
AM Jacobi, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

5. Use of Fluorescence to Measure the Concentration of the Lubricant Excess Layer During R-123 Pool Boiling
M.A. Kedzierski, Ph.D., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

Seminar 15
Room: 363W
Practical Design Information for Ultra-Low Temperature (-50 to -150F) Refrigeration Systems
Sponsor: TC 10.4 Ultra-Low Temperature Systems and Cryogenics
APC Liaison: Timothy J. McGinn, P.Eng., Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
Chair: Rudy Stegmann, P.E., Member, The Enthalpy Exchange, Inc., Williamsburg, VA
The seminar covers several topics crucial to ultra-low temperature (-50 to -150F) cascade, field erected systems, including refrigerants and lubricant ASME materials suitable for heat exchangers, vessels and piping; secondary coolants suitable for ultra-low temperatures; and low temperature insulation and applications.

1. Refrigerants and Lubricants for Ultra-Low Temperature Cascade Systems
Rudy Stegman, Member, The Enthalpy Exchange, Inc., Williamsburg, VA

2. ASME Materials Suitable for Ultra-Low Temperature Heat Exchangers, Vessels and Piping
James J. Shepherd, P.E., Member, Toromont Process Systems, Inc., N. Salt Lake City, UT

3. Secondary Coolants Suitable for Ultra-Low Temperature Cascade Systems
George Briley, Fellow, Technicold Services, Inc., Cibolo, TX

4. Insulation and Installation Techniques Suitable for Ultra-Low Temperature Systems
James Young, Jr., Member, Dow Chemical Company, 1605 Joseph Drive, Midland, MI

Forum 13
Room: 368W
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Handbook Updates: When Research Conflicts with the Current Handbook
Sponsor: TC 6. 6 Service Water Heating
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
Moderator: Fredric Goldner, Member, Brooklyn, NY
The ASHRAE Handbook chapters have been the engineer's technical guidebook over time. Research brings to light additional information that needs to be published in order to keep the Handbook current. The existing data has not been proven to be invalid (and therefore should not be discarded?). This forum discusses the development of a process to help technical committees resolve such issues when new research provides conflicting results to information currently published in the Handbook.

Forum 14
Room: 369W
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
What Should ASHRAE Include in a Continuing Education Course on Building Energy Management?
Sponsor: TC 9.6 Systems Energy Utilization
APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
Moderator: Richard J. Pearson, P.E., Fellow, Pearson Engineering, Madison, WI
TC 9.6 is developing a curriculum for a one- to three-day Professional Development Course for facility energy managers. Participants are encouraged to suggest/discuss specific topics for such a course, including performance of existing programs, manager's job description, qualifications, energy auditing, benchmarking (utility tracking), consultant's qualifications, sources of funding, developing performance contracts, purchasing deregulated energy, sources of comparative energy use/cost, commissioning, implementing change and making best use of digital control systems.

Forum 15
Room: 369W
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Do You Know How Revised ASHRAE Standard 37 Will Affect Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Ratings?
Sponsor: TC 7.6 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
Moderator: Byron Horak, Member, Intertek Testing Services, Cortland, NY
ASHRAE 37 is the method of test standard for the entire range of unitary equipment which covers a good portion of our industry. Recent revisions in the standard, which is out for its second public review, may affect capacity and efficiency ratings of all unitary equipment. Are ASHRAE members aware of the revisions to the standard and how they affect ratings? Are there specific areas of the standard on which ASHRAE members wish to comment?

Forum 16
Room: 368W
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
What Is Needed in a Healthcare Ventilation Standard
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
APC Liaison: Branislav Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Moderator: Rick Hermans, P.E., Member, Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN
Historically there have been three basic sources for ventilation rates for North American healthcare facilities. They are ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1, chapter 7 in the 1999 ASHRAE Handbook Applications, and AIA Guidelines for design and construction of hospital and healthcare facilities. The AIA Guidelines and chapter 7 of Applications have not been exposed to stringent consensus process and peer review. Proposed ASHRAE Standard 170P - Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities - will consider the current guidance and provide design guidance.

Monday, January 29, 2001
10:15 AM - 12:15 PM
All 10:15 a.m. sessions are concurrent.
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Georgia World Congress Center.

Symposium At-01-12
Room: 363W
Effects of International Building Code 2000 on Seismic Design for HVAC
Sponsor: TC 2.7 Seismic and Wind Restraint Design
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
Chair: E. Douglas Fitts, P.E., Member, St. Louis County Public Works, St. Louis, MO
The International Building Code 2000 has produced some significant changes concerning the application of seismic design and installation. This symposium reviews those changes and reviews how the changes should be applied by engineers, equipment manufacturers, and code officials.

1. Maneuvering Through the Maze of Seismic Building Codes and Guides
Robert E. Simmons, P.E., Member, Amber/Booth Company, Houston, TX

2. How to Use the New Codes in Moderate Seismic Areas
Patrick J. Lama, P.E., Member, Mason Industries Inc., Smithtown, NY

3. Static Modeling of Equipment Acted on by Seismic Forces
Paul Meisel, P.E., Member, Kinetics Noise Control, Dublin, OH

Seminar 16
Room: 360W
Industry Research: Benefitting Equipment Efficiency and Building IEQ
Sponsor: Research Administration Committee
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, P.E., Owens Services Corporation, Bloomington, MN
Chair: Kenneth E. Hickman, Ph.D., Member, York International, York, PA
The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI) launched (in 1998) a major research program addressing energy efficiency, comfort and indoor environmental issues associated with HVAC&R equipment and applications. In 1999 and 2000, projects (valued at $3.5 million) have been initiated. This seminar presents the background and status of the program, the"21-CR" effort. The chairs of the five 21-CR research areas explain their subcommittee's mission, summarize priority projects, and address expected benefits from the efforts.

1. Research on Working Fluids
Richard H. Ernst, Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

2. Investigations to Increase Equipment Efficiencies
Thomas E. Watson, P.E., Member, McQuay International, Staunton, VA

3. Evaluation of Alternative ("Not-in-Kind") Equipment
Lee W. Burgett, P.E., Fellow, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

4. Research Addressing Indoor Environmental Issues
H.E. Barney Burroughs, Presidential Member, Building Wellness Consultancy, Alpharetta, GA

5. Enhanced Integration of HVAC&R Equipment into Varied Applications
Richard E. Ertinger, Member, Liverpool, NY

Seminar 17
Room: 365/366W
Current Issues Update
Sponsor: Technical, Energy and Government Activities Committee
APC Liaison: Janet M. Lynch, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI
Chair: Jim E. Cox, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, ASHRAE, Washington, D.C.
This seminar gives an update on recent issues of critical importance to ASHRAE members. Climate Change meetings continue with emphasis on technical details of importance to energy users or multinational companies. The Federal Government discusses implementation of an Executive Order to reduce government energy consumption, creating a business opportunity for ASHRAE members. The US Department of Energy discusses their response to ASHRAE 90.1, 1999. Finally, the US EPA overviews the proposed/final HCFC Allocation Rule.

1. Status of the Political Process on Climate Change
Steven H. Bernhardt, Ph.D., Dupont de Neumours & Co., Wilmington, DE

2. Getting to Uniform National Efficiency Standards from ASHRAE 90.1: The Role of DOE and Current Status
Cyrus Nasseri, P.E., Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.

3. FEMP's Role in Saving Federal Energy
Elizabeth Shearer, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.

4. The HCFC Allowance Allocation System for the U.S. EPA
Vera Au, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

Seminar 18
Room: 367W
Optimal Control of Building and HVAC Systems
Sponsor: TC 4.6 Building Operation Dynamics
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
Chair: Natascha Castro, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Optimal control that has traditionally been used to determine operating strategies that minimize energy costs/use has created interest in expanding the application domain beyond HVAC equipment to include other controllable devices that impact the energy use of HVAC equipment, such as lighting and blinds. This seminar introduces this broader integrated optimal control problem and examines recent results of traditional applications focused on HVAC equipment. Information necessary for enabling an optimal solution is highlighted and results from real building evaluation as well as computer imulations are presented.

1. Integrated Control of HVAC, Lighting and Blinds in a Zone
Jean-Christophe Visier, Ph.D., P.E., CSTB, Marne la Valles Cedex 02, France

2. Optimizing the Operation of VAV in an Integrated Controls Environment
Arthur Dexter, Ph.D., Member, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

3. Minimization of HVAC Electricity Costs in Commercial Buildings
Jean Lebrun, Ph.D., Member, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

4. Identifying Control Strategies for Effective Use of Building Thermal Mass Using Site-Specific Data
James E. Braun, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

5. Neural Network Optimal Controller for Commercial Ice Thermal Storage Systems
Darrell Massie, Ph.D., P.E., Member, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY

Seminar 19
Room: 361W
Secondary Fluids and Systems
Sponsor: TC 3.1 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants
APC Liaison: John Bisset, P.Eng., Chorley & Bisset, London, ON, Canada
Chair: Donald B. Bivens, Ph.D., Member, DuPont Fluoroproducts, Kennett Square, PA
Secondary heat transfer fluids are of increased worldwide interest due to industry needs for chlorine-free and low toxicity fluids, and new system designs for decreased refrigerant inventory, decreased emissions to the atmosphere and separation of refrigerants from certain segments of the cooling system such as the evaporator. The seminar includes an overview presentation on secondary fluids basics, plus specific applications.

1. A History of Secondary Coolants
John L. Kuca, Associate Member, Spauschus Associates, Stockbridge, GA

2. Thermophysical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Secondary Coolants
Frank Hillerns, Ph.D., Tyforop Chemie Gmbh, Hamburg, Germany

3. Secondary Fluids in Supermarket Applications
R. Keith Herbert, Kysor/Warren, Conyers, GA

4. Secondary Coolant Supermarket Installation and Application
Glenn Williams, Associate Member, Hill Phoenix, Conyers, GA

5. Secondary Coolants and Corrosion Control
Kevin C. Connor, Member, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI

Seminar 20
Room: 362W
The Handbook of the Future
Sponsor: Handbook Committee

APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Chair: Norm Maxwell, P.E., Member, Carrier Corporation, New York, NY
This seminar's primary focus is live demonstration of technology as it applies to the ASHRAE Handbook.

1. Overview of the Handbook of the Future
Kenneth Cooper, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Heat Recovery Technology, Seven Valleys, PA

Seminar 21
Room: 364W
What's Happening with Load Calculations?
Sponsor: TC 4.1 Load Calculation Data and Procedures
APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
Chair: Suzanne LeViseur, P.E., Member, Blue Heron Consulting, Inc., Jacksonville Beach, FL
This seminar looks at what TC 4.1 has done by comparing the different methodologies, reviewing the progress on research being sponsored by the committee and providing some basics on the fundamentals of the calculations as well as what is seen in the real world.

1. Office Equipment Heat Gain
Christopher K. Wilkins, P.E., Member, Hallam Associates, So. Burlington, VT

2. Cooling Load Methodology Comparison
Steven F. Bruning, P.E., Fellow, Newcomb & Boyd, Atlanta, GA

3. Fundamentals of the RTS Method
Jeffrey D. Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

4. Validating the New ASHRAE Cooling Load Procedures
David Eldridge, Student Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Forum 17
Room: 368W
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Climate Change Issues--Are They Affecting You?
Sponsor: TG2 Global Climate Change
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
Moderator: Bruce Lindsay, Associate Member, Comfort Systems USA, Madison, WI
Federal, state and local governments have initiated policies and regulations that will restrict the use and application of certain types of greenhouse gases and HVAC&R equipment. Are these programs impacting the HVAC&R profession? What other regional/national policies and impacts are coming? Is the industry prepared to respond? Are ASHRAE's position paper and other resources adequate? How can ASHRAE help the industry (research, education, or handbook needs)?

Forum 18
Room: 369W
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Energy Use, The Indoor Environment and Other Impacts on Human and Ecological Health
Sponsor: Technical Activities Committee
APC Liaison: Timothy J. McGinn, P.Eng., Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
Moderator: Stan Westhoff, Member, The Trane Company, Latham, NY
This forum solicits input from interested parties on revisions to and expansion of existing TC/TG/TRG scopes and possible formation of new TC/TG/TRGs to expand ASHRAE research and technical activities into non-traditional areas regarding building energy use, the indoor environment and general environmental impacts of buildings on human and ecological health. This relates to SPO 3.2.

Forum 19
Room: 368W
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
The Revision of Standard 62-1999: How Does ASHRAE Like Continuous Maintenance?
Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
APC Li