Microbiomes

Adams, R. I., Miletto, M., Taylor, J. W., & Bruns, T. D. (2013). Dispersal in microbes: fungi in indoor air are dominated by outdoor air and show dispersal limitation at short distances. The ISME Journal, 7(7), 1262–1273. https://doi.org/10.1038/ISMEJ.2013.28​

Arnold, W. A. et al. Quaternary ammonium compounds: a chemical class of emerging concern. Environ. Sci. Technol. 57, 7645–7665 (2023).​

Bell, J. F., Wilson, J. S. & Liu, G. C. Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35, 547–553 (2008).​

Ben Maamar, S., Hu, J. & Hartmann, E. M. Implications of indoor microbial ecology and evolution on antibiotic resistance. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 30, 1–15 (2020).​

Bosch, T. C. G., Wigley, M., Colomina, B., Bohannan, B., Meggers, F., Amato, K. R., Azad, M. B., Blaser, M. J., Brown, K., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Finlay, B. B., Geddie, K., Geva-Zatorsky, N., Giles-Vernick, T., Gros, P., Guillemin, K., Ehrlich, S. D., Elinav, E., Haraoui, L. P., … Melby, M. K. (2024). The potential importance of the built-environment microbiome and its impact on human health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(20), e2313971121. ​

Copeland, K. A., Khoury, J. C. & Kalkwarf, H. J. Child care center characteristics associated with preschoolers’ physical activity. Am. J. Prev. Med. 50, 470–479 (2016). ​

Cox, J. et al. Associations of observed home dampness and mold with the fungal and bacterial dust microbiomes. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 23, 491–500 (2021).​

Dai, D., Prussin, A. J., Marr, L. C., Vikesland, P. J., Edwards, M. A., & Pruden, A. (2017). Factors Shaping the Human Exposome in the Built Environment: Opportunities for Engineering Control. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(14), 7759–7774. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.7B01097/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/ES-2017-01097Y_0005.JPEG​

Dannemiller, K. C., Gent, J. F., Leaderer, B. P., & Peccia, J. (2016). Indoor microbial communities: Influence on asthma severity in atopic and nonatopic children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 138(1), 76-83.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2015.11.027​

Du, S. et al. Highly host-linked viromes in the built environment possess habitat-dependent diversity and functions for potential virus–host coevolution. Nat. Commun. 14, 2676 (2023).​

Fahimipour, A. K. et al. Antimicrobial chemicals associate with microbial function and antibiotic resistance indoors. mSystems 3, e00200-18 (2018).

Fahimipour, A. K. et al. Daylight exposure modulates bacterial communities associated with household dust. Microbiome 6, 175 (2018). ​

Fakunle, A. G., Jafta, N., Okekunle, A. P. & Naidoo, R. N. Indoor microbiome and risk of lower respiratory tract infections among children under-five years: a meta-analysis. Indoor Air 30, 795–804 (2020). ​

Fu, X. et al. Association between indoor microbiome exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS) in junior high schools of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Sci. Total Environ. 753, 141904 (2021).​

Fu, X., Ou, Z., & Sun, Y. (2022). Indoor microbiome and allergic diseases: From theoretical advances to prevention strategies. Eco-Environment & Health, 1(3), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EEHL.2022.09.002​

Gatto, M. R., Mansour, A., Li, A., & Bentley, R. (2024). A State-of-the-Science Review of the Effect of Damp- and Mold-Affected Housing on Mental Health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 132(8), 86001. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14341/SUPPL_FILE/EHP14341.S001.ACCO.PDF

Gilbert, J., & Hartmann, E. (2024). The indoors microbiome and human health. Nature Reviews Microbiology Volume 22, 742–755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3​

Gilbert, J. A. & Stephens, B. Microbiology of the built environment. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 16, 661–670 (2018). ​

Haines, S. R. et al. Microbial growth and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from carpet and drywall under elevated relative humidity conditions. Microbiome 9, 209 (2021). ​

Hartmann, E. M. et al. Antimicrobial chemicals are associated with elevated antibiotic resistance genes in the indoor dust microbiome. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 9807–9815 (2016).​

Hegarty, B., Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Shaughnessy, R. J. & Peccia, J. Spatial gradients of fungal abundance and ecology throughout a damp building. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 6, 329–333 (2019).​

Hoisington, A. J. et al. Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health. Build. Environ. 155, 58–69 (2019). ​

Hospodsky, D., Qian, J., Nazaroff, W. W., Yamamoto, N., Bibby, K., Rismani-Yazdi, H., & Peccia, J. (2012). Human Occupancy as a Source of Indoor Airborne Bacteria. PLOS ONE, 7(4), e34867. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0034867​

Hu, J. et al. Impacts of indoor surface finishes on bacterial viability. Indoor Air 29, 551–562 (2019). ​

Kembel, S. W., Jones, E., Kline, J., Northcutt, D., Stenson, J., Womack, A. M., Bohannan, B. J. M., Brown, G. Z., & Green, J. L. (2012). Architectural design influences the diversity and structure of the built environment microbiome. The ISME Journal, 6(8), 1469–1479. https://doi.org/10.1038/ISMEJ.2011.211​

Kim, J.-H., Lee, C. & Sohn, W. Urban natural environments, obesity, and health-related quality of life among Hispanic children living in inner-city neighborhoods. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 13, 121 (2016). ​

Kirjavainen, P. V., Karvonen, A. M., Adams, R. I., Täubel, M., Roponen, M., Tuoresmäki, P., Loss, G., Jayaprakash, B., Depner, M., Ege, M. J., Renz, H., Pfefferle, P. I., Schaub, B., Lauener, R., Hyvärinen, A., Knight, R., Heederik, D. J. J., von Mutius, E., & Pekkanen, J. (2019). Farm-like indoor microbiota in non-farm homes protects children from asthma development. Nature Medicine 2019 25:7, 25(7), 1089–1095. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0469-4​

Klepeis, N. E., Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., Behar, J. V., Hern, S. C., & Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 11(3), 231–252. ​

Kramer, A., Schwebke, I., Kampf, G., (2006) How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6:130 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-130​

Lax, S. et al. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment. Science 345, 1048–1052 (2014). ​

Lax, S. et al. Microbial and metabolic succession on common building materials under high humidity conditions. Nat. Commun. 10, 1767 (2019). ​

Ley, C. J. et al. Drinking water microbiology in a water-efficient building: stagnation, seasonality, and physicochemical effects on opportunistic pathogen and total bacteria proliferation. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 6, 2902–2913 (2020).​

Lynch SV, Wood RA, Boushey H, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, et al. Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134:593–601.e12.​

Ma, Z., Zuo, T., Frey, N., & Rangrez, A. Y. (2024). A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024 9:1, 9(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01946-6​

Mannan, M., & Al-Ghamdi, S. G. (2021). Indoor Air Quality in Buildings: A Comprehensive Review on the Factors Influencing Air Pollution in Residential and Commercial Structure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3276. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18063276​

Martin, L. J., Adams, R. I., Bateman, A., Bik, H. M., Hawks, J., Hird, S. M., Hughes, D., Kembel, S. W., Kinney, K., Kolokotronis, S. O., Levy, G., McClain, C., Meadow, J. F., Medina, R. F., Mhuireach, G., Moreau, C. S., Munshi-South, J., Nichols, L. M., Palmer, C., … Dunn, R. R. (2015). Evolution of the indoor biome. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30(4), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TREE.2015.02.001​

McAlister, J. S., Blum, M. J., Bromberg, Y., Fefferman, N. H., He, Q., Lofgren, E., Miller, D. L., Schreiner, C., Candan, K. S., Szabo-Rogers, H., & Reed, J. M. (2025). An interdisciplinary perspective of the built-environment microbiome. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 101(1), 166. https://doi.org/10.1093/FEMSEC/FIAE166​

Meadow, J. F., Altrichter, A. E., Kembel, S. W., Kline, J., Mhuireach, G., Moriyama, M., Northcutt, D., O’Connor, T. K., Womack, A. M., Brown, G. Z., Green, J. L., & Bohannan, B. J. M. (2014). Indoor airborne bacterial communities are influenced by ventilation, occupancy, and outdoor air source. Indoor Air, 24(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/INA.12047​

Mendell, M. J., Mirer, A. G., Cheung, K., Tong, M., & Douwes, J. (2011). Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(6), 748–756. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.1002410​

Mhuireach, G. Á. et al. Differing effects of four building materials on viable bacterial communities and VOCs. Dev. Built Environ. 7, 100055 (2021). ​

Mujan, I., Licina, D., Kljajić, M., Čulić, A., & Anđelković, A. S. (2021). Development of indoor environmental quality index using a low-cost monitoring platform. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127846. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.127846​

National Academy of Sciences. (2017). Microbiomes of the Built Environment: A Research Agenda for Indoor Microbiology, Human Health, and Buildings. In Microbiomes of the Built Environment. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23647​

Nimlyat, P. S., & Kandar, M. Z. (2015). Appraisal of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in healthcare facilities: A literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 17, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCS.2015.04.002​

Núñez, A., & García, A. M. (2022). Effect of the passive natural ventilation on the bioaerosol in a small room. Building and Environment, 207, 108438. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2021.108438​

Ogunrinola, G.,  Oyewale, J., Oshamika, O., Olasehinde, G., (2020). The Human Microbiome and Its Impacts on Health. International Journal of Microbiology, Volume 2020, Article ID 8045646, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8045646​

Parajuli, A. et al. Urbanization reduces transfer of diverse environmental microbiota indoors. Front. Microbiol. 9, 84 (2018).​

Pausan, M.-R., Blohs, M., Mahnert, A. & Moissl-Eichinger, C. The sanitary indoor environment — a potential source for intact human-associated anaerobes. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 8, 44 (2022). ​

Porter, L., Sultan, O., Mitchell, B., Jenney, A., Kiernan, M., Brewster D., Russo, P. (2024) How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces?  A scoping review. Journal of Hospital Infection, Volume 147, 25 - 31. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.023​

Prussin, A. J., & Marr, L. C. (2015). Sources of airborne microorganisms in the built environment. Microbiome 2015 3:1, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40168-015-0144-Z​

Prussin, A. J. II et al. Viruses in the built environment (VIBE) meeting report. Microbiome 8, 1 (2020).​

Rook GAW (2023) The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs. Front. Allergy 4:1220481. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1220481​

Sharma, A. & Gilbert, J. A. Microbial exposure and human health. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 44, 79–87 (2018).​

Stein, MM., Hrusch, CL., Gozdz, J., Igartua, C., Pivniouk, V., Murray, S., Ledford, JG., Marques dos Santos, M., Anderson, RL., Metwali, N., Neilson, JW., Maier, RM., Gilbert, JA., Holbreich, M., Thorne, PS., Martinez, FD., von Mutius, E., Vercelli, D., Ober, C., Sperling, AI. (2016). Innate immunity and asthma risk in amish and hutterite farm children. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375 (5). DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1508749​

Von Mutius, E. (2016). The microbial environment and its influence on asthma prevention in early life. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 137(3), 680–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1301​

Wolkoff, Peder. 2023. Indoor Air Humidity Revisited: Impact on Acute Symptoms, Work Productivity, and Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infection. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 256 (December), 114313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114313 ​

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (2009). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality:dampness and mould. World Health Organization, 228. https://books.google.com/books/about/WHO_Guidelines_for_Indoor_Air_Quality.html?hl=es&id=PxB8UUHihWgC​

Young, G. R., Sherry, A. & Smith, D. L. Built environment microbiomes transition from outdoor to human-associated communities after construction and commissioning. Sci. Rep. 13, 15854 (2023). ​

Zhang, D., Mui, K. W., & Wong, L. T. (2023). Ten Questions Concerning Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Models: The Development and Applications. Applied Sciences 2023, Vol. 13, Page 3343, 13(5), 3343. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP13053343​

Zhao, Y., & Li, D. (2023). Multi-domain indoor environmental quality in buildings: A review of their interaction and combined effects on occupant satisfaction. Building and Environment, 228, 109844. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2022.109844​

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